All the evidence indicated that the event would not be transient, but rather it would be exceptional and a difference in the history of the Libyan state, since the first spark calling for change was launched in neighboring Tunisia and then Egypt.
The story began in Libya with calls to demonstrate through social media, where everyone whispered on February 17 without an official body adopting the responsibility of the call or specifying the framework and ceiling of the demands, as everything seemed spontaneous, but the prediction of the level of popular interaction was unknown, except for the hypotheses of the regime’s dealing with any protesting voice demanding change was settled given the repressive history and the absence of platforms for expression in the totalitarian state of the colonel.
On February 15, 2011, the place is the city of Al-Bayda: Civilian casualties in a confrontation with the security forces, coinciding with limited demonstrations in the city of Benghazi, explicitly calling for the overthrow of the regime and calling on the city’s residents to come out and raise the slogan of change, which was responded to by the people who attacked the headquarters Security with the emergence of rumors about the spread of mercenaries loyal to the regime inside the city, wearing yellow hats. In those moments, the scene was becoming clearer little by little, and the calls became more daring after the barrier of fear was broken and the camp of Al-Fadil Abu Omar, the garrison of the impregnable regime in Benghazi, turned into an icon that mimics the famous French Bastille. The people of the city exchanged live bullets and the casualties continued before the people stormed the camp after four days of clashes.
February 22: Gaddafi sends a strongly worded letter from Bab al-Aziziyah warning the revolutionaries and voices opposing his rule of a war that calls on millions, pledging to pursue them in every “house, house and yard”, until the country is cleansed of them while browsing the texts of the Libyan Penal Code that criminalizes demonstrations, sit-ins and all forms of expression opinion, so that the speech would take on denouncing local and international dimensions and attract broad sympathy with the Libyan issue.
February 27: With the fall of Al-Fadil Abu Omar’s camp, the regime and its tools collapsed completely in the eastern regions of the country, and cities in the west caught the spark of the revolution, which was practically concentrated in the cities of Al-Zawiya, Zintan and Misurata after the demonstrations in solidarity with the city of Benghazi spread in most parts, and the revolution searched for a head to form a council My transition on February 27 includes representatives from all Libyan regions, so that the “liberated cities” agree to chair the former Minister of Justice, Mustafa Abdel Jalil, who defected from the regime, while the head of the Lawyers Syndicate Abdel Hafeez Ghoga was chosen as Vice President of the Council and an official spokesperson for him, in addition to a crisis committee that preceded the formation of an office Executive led by the late Mahmoud Jibril.
On the ground, Gaddafi’s brigades were mobilizing to enter the city of Benghazi and regain control of the official and security headquarters that it had lost. The crisis took an international dimension, with the Security Council holding a session to discuss the repercussions of the crisis and form the nucleus of an international alliance calling for the support of the rebels, and fearing retaliatory and excessive reactions by Gaddafi’s forces if they were able to Benghazi city.
March 18, 2011: The United Nations Security Council, after three days of thorny negotiations, adopted Resolution 1973, which authorizes the implementation of air strikes against Libya to prevent the Gaddafi regime from using aircraft against the rebels and civilian areas. “All necessary measures” to protect civilians and impose a ceasefire on the formations of the Libyan army, as a no-fly zone was imposed from which only humanitarian flights are excluded, with former French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe warning that there is not much time to intervene, pointing to Intervention may be within hours.
March 19, 2011: The response to the Gaddafi convoy began with the pilots of the Benina Air Base in Benghazi carrying out air strikes to stop the column, which extended for a long distance, before the French Air Force launched, in the “Odyssey Dawn” operation, raids that directly hit and destroyed the column while it was on the cusp of entering Benghazi. So that the military event constituted a severe blow to Gaddafi’s brigades, before NATO completed, for months, the task of destroying radars, weapons depots and army camps, in the context of implementing Security Council Resolution No. 1973 imposing an air embargo on Libya.
After the major defeat of Gaddafi’s forces on the doorstep of Benghazi, attention turned towards the places of military tension that were concentrated in the oil crescent areas, which witnessed hit and run battles, in addition to the intensification of battles in Zintan and the areas of Mount Nafusa and the intensification of the siege on the city of Misurata, to maintain the situation in the field stagnation with the great depletion of the forces of The regime, against which the circle of hostility expanded and faced security difficulties in the capital, which was considered a stronghold for the regime.
August 20: The operation to liberate Tripoli began with the fall of most of the western mountain cities and the delivery of quantities of weapons and ammunition to the internal rebels in Tripoli, where the city witnessed limited clashes with Gaddafi forces in conjunction with the advance of the rebel forces coming from the mountain, Tripoli fell and Bab al-Aziziya, Gaddafi’s stronghold, was controlled. And a symbol of his dominance, and the regime continues to maintain the cities of Bani Walid and Sirte.
October 20: The Director of the Executive Office of the Transitional Council, Mahmoud Jibril, announced the killing of Gaddafi, accompanied by his son, Mutassim, in the city of Sirte, following fierce battles in the city with the remnants of Gaddafi’s brigades entrenched in the city. The country is in a new era.
October 23: The President of the National Transitional Council, Mustafa Abdel Jalil, announced in Benghazi, amid official and popular celebrations, the country’s complete liberation from Muammar Gaddafi’s regime, paving the way for the formation of a transitional government that would be a first step on the path to establishing democracy and restoring stability.
Immortal stages chronicled the path of a people who struggled with all its components and segments to overthrow a regime that seized power for 42 years. During the years of his rule, all channels of expression of opinion were absent, development froze, services declined, and the country became involved in regional and international conflicts that drained wealth and imposed international isolation, for which the Libyan people paid the price and continue their path of making change despite all obstacles and adversities.
